SCOTUS Interim Orders on Executive Action (2025)

Below are the 2025 pending and resolved Supreme Court interim orders related to executive action. For resolved cases this tracker reflects the date the Supreme Court issued the relevant order, not the publication date of the Roundup in which the development was covered.

Pending

Blanche v. Perlmutter (25-5285): The government filed an emergency application on October 27 requesting the Supreme Court to stay a district court interlocutory injunction that temporarily reinstated Shira Perlmutter to her role as Register of Copyrights while litigation over her removal continues. Chief Justice Roberts formally set a deadline of November 10 for a response to the application. Perlmutter submitted a response on November 10. Blanche submitted a reply on November 12. The Court deferred the application for stay on November 28 pending the Court’s decisions in Trump v. Slaughter and Trump v. Cook.
Trump v. Illinois (25-2798): The government filed an emergency application on October 17 requesting the Supreme Court stay a district court order barring the deployment of the National Guard to Illinois. Justice Barrett formally set a deadline of October 20 for a response to the application. Illinois and the City of Chicago submitted a response on October 20. President Trump filed a reply on October 21. On October 29, Justice Barrett requested supplemental briefs to be filed by November 10. President Trump, as well as Illinois and the City of Chicago, both filed supplemental letter briefs on November 10 and supplemental letter replies on November 17.
Trump v. Cook (25-5326): The government filed an emergency application on September 18 requesting the Supreme Court to stay a preliminary injunction issued by a district court that blocked President Trump from removing Federal Reserve Governor Lisa Cook. Cook filed an opposition to the request on the same day. The Chief Justice formally set a deadline of September 25 for a response to the application. Cook filed a response on September 25. On October 1, the Court deferred action on the stay application pending oral argument in January 2026 and established a supplemental briefing schedule. Additional amicus briefs were filed on October 29. The Court set argument for January 21, 2026, and both sides filed supplemental briefs on November 19.

Resolved

Rollins v. Rhode Island State Council of Churches (25-2089): Nov. 13 - Application withdrawn. The U.S. government withdrew its Nov. 7 stay application to the Supreme Court in Rollins v. Rhode Island State Council of Churches on the ground that the underlying dispute is moot since the government shutdown has ended. (Letter.)
Trump v. Orr (25-1579): Nov. 6 - The Supreme Court granted the government’s request to stay a preliminary injunction issued by Judge Julia Kobick (D. Mass) that required the State Department to issue passports to transgender and nonbinary Americans that reflect the sex designation of their choosing. (Opinion.)
Noem v. National TPS Alliance (25-5724): Oct. 3 - The Supreme Court granted a stay of a district court judgment that had set aside the Department of Homeland Security’s termination Temporary Protected Status (TPS) for Venezuelan nationals, pending further proceedings. (Order.) (Politico.)
Department of State v. AIDS Vaccine Advocacy Coalition (25-5319, 25-5317): Sept. 26 - The Supreme Court stayed a district court injunction that had directed the government to obligate all expiring foreign aid funds appropriated by Congress by September 30, including $4 billion in foreign aid President Trump had proposed to rescind under the Impoundment Control Act. The stay effectively permitted the Trump administration’s use of a “pocket rescission” maneuver—though the Court made clear that the order “should not be read as a final determination on the merits.” (Order.)
Trump v. Slaughter (25-5261): Sept. 22 - The Supreme Court granted the government’s application for stay of the district court order reinstating terminated FTC Commissioner Rebecca Slaughter and granted certiorari before judgment in the case. (NYT.) (Order.) Justice Kagan for three justices dissented.
Noem v. Perdomo (25-4312): Sept. 8 - The Supreme Court stayed a district court order preventing federal immigration officials in Los Angeles and six other California counties from conducting detentive stops based on a series of factors, including apparent race or ethnicity, speaking in Spanish or accented English, or working in a particular type of job. Justice Kavanaugh wrote a concurring opinion, while Justice Sotomayor dissented. (Order and Opinions.) (NYT.)
Trump v. Global Health Council (25-5097; 25-5098): Aug. 29 - Application withdrawn. (Letter.) The D.C. Circuit Court of Appeals on Thursday denied appellees’ petition for a rehearing en banc in Trump v. Global Health, a case brought by outside organizations challenging the Trump administration’s freezing of foreign aid spending under the Administrative Procedure Act (APA) and the U.S. Constitution. At the same time, the full court amended a panel opinion issued earlier this month in the case that had precluded plaintiffs from challenging impoundment under the APA. (Order.) (Amended Opinion.) (NYT.) See previous Roundups for background on the legal proceedings, including the district court’s preliminary injunction, the appellate panel’s order vacating the district court order, and the government’s emergency appeal to the Supreme Court.
NIH, et al. v. American Public Health Association, et al. (25-1611, 25-1612): Aug. 21 - The Supreme Court stayed a district court order that had blocked the National Institutes of Health from canceling $780 million in grants that the government claims was intended for D.E.I., “gender ideology,” and vaccine hesitancy research. The Court left in place the district court’s order declaring unlawful and vacating internal NIH guidance describing the agency’s policy priorities. (Order.)
Trump v. Boyle (25-1687): July 23 - The Supreme Court granted the government’s application for a stay of a district court injunction against President Trump’s firing of three members of the Consumer Product Safety Commission. Justice Kavanaugh wrote a concurrence, and Justice Kagan, joined by Justices Sotomayor and Jackson, dissented. (Order.)
McMahon v. New York (25-1495, 25-1500): July 14 - The Supreme Court stayed a district court preliminary injunction that would have required the Trump administration, among other things, to reinstate nearly 2,000 Department of Education employees who were removed in a large-scale reduction in force (RIF). Before this RIF, there were approximately 4,133 department employees. Justice Sotomayor wrote a dissent, which Justices Kagan and Jackson joined. See a prior Roundup for the preliminary injunction. (Order.)
Trump v. American Federation of Government Employees (25-3293): July 8 - The Supreme Court stayed a district court preliminary injunction blocking the implementation of an executive order that, among other things, directed large-scale reductions in force across the federal government. The Court explained, “The District Court enjoined further implementation or approval of the plans based on its view about the illegality of the Executive Order and [associated] Memorandum, not on any assessment of the plans themselves. Those plans are not before this Court.” Justice Sotomayor concurred in the grant of the stay, and Justice Jackson dissented. (Order.)
Trump v CASA (25-1153): June 27 - The Supreme Court, in a six-to-three decision, ruled in an interim order context that federal courts lack statutory authority to issue universal injunctions. (Opinion.)
DHS v. DVD (25-1393): June 23 - The Supreme Court granted the government’s application for a stay of a district court preliminary injunction that prevented the government from deporting noncitizens to “third” countries without complying with certain process requirements—including providing written notice in an appropriate language and the opportunity for noncitizens to demonstrate their fear of return to that country. Justice Sotomayor, joined by Justices Kagan and Jackson, dissented. (Order and dissent.)
U.S. DOGE Service v. Citizens for Responsibility and Ethics in Washington (25-5130): June 6 - the Court stayed two district court orders that provided for discovery into DOGE. The Court vacated the D.C. Circuit’s denial of the government’s request for a writ of mandamus and remanded the case to the court of appeals. See the government’s application in a prior Roundup. (Ruling.)
Social Security Administration v. American Federation of State, County, and Municipal Employees (25-1411): June 6 - The Court granted the government’s application for a stay of a district court preliminary injunction that required the Social Security Administration to prevent DOGE from accessing personally identifiable information held by the agency. Justices Sotomayor, Kagan, and Jackson would have denied the application. Justice Jackson wrote a dissent, joined by Justice Sotomayor. See the government’s application in a prior Roundup. (Ruling.)
Noem v. Doe (25-1384): May 30 - The Supreme Court granted the government’s application for a stay of a district court order that prevented the government from revoking parole and work authorizations that the government had previously granted to noncitizens from four countries. Justice Jackson wrote a dissenting opinion joined by Justice Sotomayor. See the government’s application in a prior Roundup. (Order.)
Trump v. Gwynne A. Wilcox (25-5037, 25-5057): May 22 - The Supreme Court stayed two district court rulings that blocked President Trump from firing from two executive branch agencies—the Merit Systems Protection Board and the National Labor Relations Board—two board members who have statutory for-cause removal protections. Justice Kagan wrote a dissent, joined by Justices Jackson and Sotomayor. See the government’s application in the Supreme Court in a prior Roundup. (Order.)
Noem v. National TPS Alliance (25-2120): May 19 - The Supreme Court granted the government’s application for a stay of an order that required the government to maintain temporary protected status for hundreds of thousands of Venezuelan migrants. Justice Jackson would have denied the application. See the background preceding the order in prior Roundups here and here. (Order.)
A.A.R.P. v. Trump (25-10534): May 16 - The Supreme Court enjoined the government from removing from the country under the Alien Enemies Act (AEA) individuals detained in the Northern District of Texas. Justice Kavanaugh wrote a concurring opinion, and Justice Alito wrote a dissent, which was joined by Justice Thomas. See the background preceding the Court’s order in a prior Roundup. (Order.)
United States v. Shilling (25-2039): May 6 - The Supreme Court stayed a district court preliminary injunction that barred implementation of a Defense Department policy excluding transgender individuals from military service. Justices Sotomayor, Kagan, and Jackson would have denied the government’s application for a stay. (Order.)
Noem v. Garcia (25-1345): April 10 - The Supreme Court granted in part and denied in part the government’s application to vacate a district court order that required the government to return Abrego Garcia, whom the government wrongly deported, to the United States. The Court’s ruling requires the government to “facilitate” Garcia’s release from custody and “ensure that his case is handled as it would have been had he not been improperly sent to El Salvador.” And it directs the district court to “clarify its directive, with due regard for the deference owed to the Executive Branch in the conduct of foreign affairs.” Following the Supreme Court’s order, Judge Paula Xinis (D. MD.) clarified her order—directing the government to “take all available steps to facilitate the return of Abrego Garcia to the United States as soon as possible.” See a previous Roundup for the background on the case. (Supreme Court order.) (Judge Xinis’s order.)
Office of Personnel Management v. Am. Federation of Gov’t Employees (25-1677): April 8 - The Supreme Court granted the government’s application for a stay of a district court order enjoining the government from firing employees at six federal agencies. The Court’s order stays the preliminary injunction pending the disposition of the government’s appeal in the Ninth Circuit Court of Appeals and the disposition of a petition for a writ of certiorari, if sought. Justice Sotomayor and Justice Jackson would have denied the application. See a prior Roundup for background on the case. As Josh Gerstein notes, another district court order requiring the administration to reinstate probationary employees at 18 federal agencies still stands. (Order.) (Gerstein, Politico.)
Trump v. J.G.G. (25-5067): April 7 - The Supreme Court in a five-to-four per curiam ruling vacated Judge Boasberg’s temporary restraining orders that barred the government from deporting alleged members of the Tren de Aragua gang pursuant to President Trump’s proclamation. The Court determined that challenges to removal under the Alien Enemies Act (AEA) must be brought through habeas petitions. The Court also stated that the individuals detained under the AEA “must receive notice after the date of this order that they are subject to removal under the Act. The notice must be afforded within a reasonable time and in such a manner as will allow them to actually seek habeas relief in the proper venue before such removal occurs.” Justice Sotomayor wrote a 17-page dissent, joined in full by Justices Kagan and Jackson, and joined in part by Justice Barrett. (Order.)
Department of Education v. California (25-1244): April 4 - The Supreme Court voted five to four to stay a district court’s temporary restraining order barring the Trump administration from canceling education-related grants. See prior Roundups, including most recently here, here, and here, for background on the case. (Order.) (SCOTUSBlog.)
Bessent v. Dellinger (25-5028): Mar. 6 - Former head of the Office of Special Counsel Hampton Dellinger dropped his lawsuit seeking to remain in his job after the D.C. Circuit Court of Appeals on Wednesday stayed a federal district court order that had prevented President Trump from firing Dellinger. See prior Roundups here—here, here, here, and here—for the case’s procedural background. The Supreme Court dismissed the case as moot after Dellinger’s announcement. (NYT.) (Supreme Court order.)
Department of State v. AIDS Vaccine Advocacy Coalition (25-cv-00400): Mar. 5 - The Supreme Court in a 5-4 decision denied the government’s application to vacate a Feb. 25 district court order that required the government to disburse approximately $2 billion in foreign assistance funds. (See the Feb. 26 and 27 Roundups for relevant procedural background.) The Court stated that the district court should “clarify what obligations the Government must fulfill to ensure compliance with the temporary restraining order, with due regard for the feasibility of any compliance timelines.” Justice Alito wrote in dissent that the government was likely to prevail on the merits of its sovereign immunity claim and that it would likely “suffer irreparable harm if the District Court’s order is not stayed.” He concluded that, “Even if the majority is unwilling to vacate the District Court’s order, it should at least stay the District Court’s enforcement order until the Government is able to petition for a writ of certiorari.” (Ruling.)